Braking device



Feb; 7, 1933. MAREK 1,896,454

BRAKING DEVICE Filed June 16, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l NVENTORZ R- YhwreATTORNEYS F b. 7, 1933. A. MAREK 1 BRAKING DEVICE Filed June 16, 1931 2sheets sheet 2 4 4 I 2 a 26 I. i Z '7 m m WENTOR are ATTORNEYS PatentedFeb. 7, 1933 UNETEQ STATES ANTON MAREK, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA, ASSIGNOR TOTHE FIRM' tartar series oEsKosLovENsKA ZBEGJOVKA. AKCIGVA SPGLEfiNUSTHVERNIE, F BRUNN, CZECHOSLOVAKIA BRAKING DEVICE Application filed June 16,1931, Serial No. 544,842, and in Czechoslovakia June 20, 1930.

This invention relates to a braking device for machine parts which aremoved relatively to one another, in particular for the parts offire-arms, for example for braking the parts of a fire-arm which aremoved on firing, or for braking the recoil movement of a gun with regardto its carriage, or the like.

The braking device according to the present invention is characterizedby a structure having fewand simple constructional parts,

by light weight, and by great certainty of operation.

According to the present invention the braking device is provided withmeans for braking the moved'parts and returning the same into theposition of rest, and with damping means adapted to damp the reflexmovements set up by the restoring force, which extend beyond theposition of rest, and

- to return the moved parts finally to the position of rest.

One form of construction for the braking device according to the presentinvention is illustrated, by way of example, in the accom- 3 an indrawin s in which Fig. 1 shows the device in longitudinal section in theposition of rest.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the device as seen from left to right.

Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on the line III-III of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken on the line IVIV of Fig. 1. 7

Figs. 5, 6, and 7 show diagrammatically 1 3 longitudinal sections of thebraking device in the three most important positions.

Fig. 8 represents graphically the forces and movements of the brakingdevice.

In the constructional example shown in the drawings, 1 and 2 are therelatively movable parts of a machine. construction illustrated isstationary in its position, and the part 2 is arranged to moverelatively to the part 1 in the direction of The part 1 in the 9 thearrows p and g.

The braking device is provided with meansm which brake the movable part2 in its relative movements in the direction of the arrow p, and isfurther provided with means 3 i adapted to damp the reflex movements ofthe part 2 produced by the restoring force, and to bring the part 2 backto the final position of rest.

Both the braking and restoring means as and the damping means 4 can takea great variety of forms, and can be connected in the greatest varietyof ways with the movable and stationary parts 2 and 1. In theconstruction illustrated, the stationary part 1 is provided with acylinder 10 in which is mounted a spring-11. The spring 11 bears at oneend 11 against a piston 14 slidingly mounted in the cylinder 10, andwith its other end 11 against a piston 15 pertaining to the dampingmeans y. The piston 14 has two stops 1? and 18. The stop 17 cooperateswith a stop 19 whichis formed on the cylinder 10 or on a part carried bythe cylinder 10. -The stop 18 cooperates with a stop 20 which is formedupon an auxiliary piston 22. The auxiliary piston 22 is connected bymeans of a rod 24 with the movable part 2.

In the example shown, the stop 19 is formed by a cap 25 which by meansof a thread 26 is screwed upon the cylinder 1 The cap 25 is providedwith longitudinal grooves 28 in which engage bosses 29 ofthe auxiliarypiston 22. The auxiliary piston 22 is slidable longitudinally in the cap25,

but. is prevented from turning therein by 28 and 29. In order that thecap may be easily gripped and turned, the same is provided at itsperiphery with depressions 32, which may for example be milled out.

The rod 24 is connected at one end 24,v

by means of a bolt 35, with a pin 36 which, by means of a thread 37, isscrewed into the boss of the piston 22. The threads 26 and 37 arepreferably of similar pitch. By rotation of the cap 25, the distanceofthe stops 19, 20

from the movable part 2 or from the anchoring part 40 of the rod24 onthe machine part 2 can be altered in order to varythe tension of thespring 11. In the construction shown the rod 24 is hung by means of itshookshaped end 24 upon a pin 40 of the machine part 2. The connection ofthe auxiliary piston 22 with the movable part 2 can, however, beeffected in another manner.

projecting annular edge of a shoulder on thevcylinder 10; .thus the stop49 is part of the machine part 1. The stop 50, with which the stop 48 ofthe damping means y cooperates, is provided on the movable part of themachine. a

a The braking piston 15 is provided with a braking member resilient in aradial direction, in the construction illustrated a split braking ring55 which by means of oblique controlling surfaces 57, 58 is mountedbetween rings 60 and 61. The oblique controlling surfaces 57, 58 are sotapered that when the ringsGO, 61 are moved towards one another theradially elastic braking ring 55 expands and is pressed outwards.Against the ring 60 there abuts the end 11 of the braking spring 11. Onthe ring 61 there are provided the stops 47 and 48.

The cooperating stops 18, 20, and 48, 50 constitute means fortransmitting movement and force, and are so connected with the movablepart of the machine that (see Fig. 8) with the movements 70, 71to oneside of the position of rest R-R the stops 18 and 20, and consequentlythe braking means, come into operation, while with the movements 72, 7 3to the other side of the position of restthe other stops 48 and 50, andwith them the damping means, come into operation. The cooperatingstops-17, 19 and47, 49 con stitute means for; checking movement and forabsorbing force, and these means are so connected with the stationarypart l'of the machine that (referring to Fig. 8) when movements 7 0, 71of the part 2 take place to one side of the position of rest R l thedamp}.

ing means g are cut out, and'when movements 7 2, 7 3 of the said parttake place to the'other side of the position of rest, the braking meansm are cut out. With reference to Figs. 5 to 8, the manner of operationofthe brakingdevice according to'the present invention is as follows Inthe position, of rest, the parts of the braking device assume thepositions in which they are shown in Fig. 5. The stops 17, 19, 18, 20,47, 49, and 48, 50 are in contact, respectively. If a force be exercisedon the machine part 2,for example the recoil of-a gun on being fired,this force being exercised in the direction of the arrow p, a movement 7O, as indicated in 8, is brought about. the braking device cooperate inthe manner indicated in Fig. 6;

During this movement the parts of I The auxiliary piston 22, connectedby means of the rod 24 with the machine part 2, takes the piston 14 withit by means of its stop 20 and the stop 18. The spring 11 is compressedand hereby brakes the machine part 2 "n its movement 7 O. The dampingmeans y remain in the position of rest, the stops 47 and49 preventingthe displacement thereof. The steps 48, 50, and the stops 17, 19 are notin engagement. After the braking of the mioved machine part 2,the'latter is returned by the'tensioned spring 11 (compare the movement71 in Fig. 8). 'Duringthe return of the machine part 2, the parts of'thebraking device cooperate also inthe manner indicated in Fig. 5. Thebraking device and the moved machine part 2 travel through the positionof rest, and from thatmoment the parts of the braking means '00 and thedamp-ing means y cooper ate in the manner indicated in Fig. 7. Theauxiliary piston 14 comes to rest in consequence of its stop 17 meetingthe stop 19; the stops 18 and 20 come apart. {The moved machine part2,,on passing through the position of rest, comes into connection withthe stop 48, while the braking piston 15 brings its stop47' awayfrom thestop 49. During the reflex movement 72 produced by the force of thespring 11 and extending beyond the position of rest R-R, the resilientspring 55 is pressed outwardly and against the inner wall 10 of thecylinder 10. The friction between 55 and 10, in combination with thecounter-force of the spring 11, produces a rapid damping of he reflexmovement 72, whereupon, through thespring 55 and of the spring 11, thedamping means y and the moved the resilient action of machine part 2 arebrought into the 'positionof rest (Fig. 5)

in which position the moved machine part 2 and the entire braking devicethen remain.

The present braking device is suitable for relatively movable machineparts of all kinds, as also for braking the movements of whole machinesagainst their foundations or mountings. In particular the presentbraking device is suitable for use in connection with fire-arms, forexample for braking the parts moved by the recoil of firing a shot,

or the breech mechanism -moved backwards by the gas pressure, or thebarrel which slides backwards, or for bra-king the whole gun with regardto its mounting, such as a carriage or a gun platform fixed to theground. I

The above described and illustrated braking device is to be understoodas representing only one constructional example of the invention. 7Instead of a spring holding the braking meansand the damping means.under tension, maybe employed, and in like 'manner the connectionbetween the devicem and y and the moved and stationary parts of themachine, or greatest variety of ways.

anumber of separate springs the'like, can be effected the I claim 1. Abraking and damping arrangement adapted, for instance, for the barrel offirearms, comprising a first machine part, a second machine partnormally occupying a position of rest and movable relatively to thefirst part, braking means associated with the second part, frictionaldamping means for damping the reflex movement of the second part beyondthe position of rest, and means alternately connecting the braking meansand the damping means with the first part whereby during movement of thesecond part to one side of its position of rest only the braking meansis brought into operation, the damping means being rendered inoperative,while, during the movement of the second part to the other side of itsposition of rest, the frictional damping means acts on the second part,the braking means being rendered inoperative.

2. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that saidfrictional damping means includes a friction body and controllingmembers coacting therewith to move the friction body into operativeengagement with the first part, said controlling members being actuatedby the second part.

3. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that saidfrictional damping means includes a friction body and controllingmembers coacting therewith to move the friction body into operativeengagement with the first part, said controlling members being actuatedby the second part, said friction body being constituted by a splitring, and said first part having a cylindrical portion engaged by saidring.

1. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that saiddamping means includes a friction body and members having taperedcontrol surfaces coacting with said friction body to move the latterinto frictional engagement with said first part, one of the lastmentioned members being engageable by said second part and the other ofthe last mentioned members being yieldably mounted.

5. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that saidbraking means includes an element for braking the movement of saidsecond part and returning the latter toward its position of rest, saiddamping means including a friction body, and pre sure members adapted tomove the friction body into frictional engagement with said second part,one of said pressure members being engaged by said second part and theother of said pressure members being engaged with said element.

6. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that saidbraking means includes a spring and a piston engaged thereby, and saiddamping means includes a friction developing piston, said spring beingconfined between said pistons and acting, partly, to brake the movementof the second part and, partly, to assist in the operation of thedamping means.

An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said brakingmeans includes a spring and a piston engaged thereby, and said dampingmeans includes a friction developing piston, said spring being confinedbetween said pistons and acting. partly, to brake the movement of thesecond part and, partly, to assist in the opera tionfof the dampingmeans, the first mentioned part including a cylinder receiving thepistons and spring with said pistons.

8. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that saidbraking means includes a spring and a piston engaged thereby,

and said damping means includes a friction developing piston, saidspring being confined between said pistons and acting, partly, to brakethe movement of the second part and, partly, to assist in the operationof the damping means, the second mentioned piston including relativelymovable piston parts and a friction body moved by said piston parts intooperative position.

n arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said brakingmeans includes a spring and a piston engaged thereby, and said dampingmeans includes a friction developing piston, said spring being confinedbetween said pistons and acting, partly, to brake the movement of thesecond part and, partly, to assist in the operation of the damp ingmeans, the first mentioned piston including two piston parts, one ofsaid piston parts coacting with said connecting means and the otherpiston part being movable relatively to said connecting means to permitsaid second part to move beyond its position of rest.

10. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that saidbraking means includes a spring and a piston engaged thereby, and saiddamping means includes a friction developing piston, said spring beingconfined between said pistons and acting, partly, to brake the movementof the second part and, partly, to assist in the operation of thedamping means, the first mentioned piston including two piston parts,one of said piston parts coacting with said connecting means and theother piston part being movable relatively to said connecting means topermit said second part to move beyond its position of rest, and saidsecond mentioned piston including two piston parts and a friction bodyinterposed between the last mentioned parts.

11. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that saidbraking means includes a spring and a piston engaged thereby, and saiddamping means includes a friction developing piston, said spring beingconfined between said pistons and acting, partly,

and stops coacting to brake the'movement of the second part and,

partly, to assist in the operation of the damping means, the firstmentioned piston including two piston parts, one of said piston partscoacting with said connecting means and the other piston part beingmovable relatively to said connecting means to permit said second partto move beyond its position of rest, an adjustable connection betweenthe second mentioned piston part and the second machine part, andadjusting means associated with the second piston part, said adjustingmeans carrying one of said connecting means.

In testimony whereof I affiX my signature.

ANTON 'MAREK.

